Direct-to-device satellite service is moving from partnerships that fill coverage gaps toward constellations with their own exclusive spectrum. The FCC has authorized AST SpaceMobile’s supplemental coverage from space service and cleared SpaceX’s plan for 15,000 direct-to-device satellites, while the pending SpaceX purchase of EchoStar spectrum and Amazon’s acquisition of Globalstar still need regulatory approval. This session examines the regulatory framework, from supplemental coverage from space rules to exclusive-spectrum licensing, and what it means for wireless carriers, tower owners and rural coverage. Panelists will discuss interference and coexistence, license transfers, international coordination, and whether policy is creating complement or competition for terrestrial networks.